AUTHOR=Conti Sara , Fornari Carla , Ferrara Pietro , Antonazzo Ippazio C. , Madotto Fabiana , Traini Eugenio , Levi Miriam , Cernigliaro Achille , Armocida Benedetta , Bragazzi Nicola L. , Cadum Ennio , Carugno Michele , Crotti Giacomo , Deandrea Silvia , Cortesi Paolo A. , Guido Davide , Iavicoli Ivo , Iavicoli Sergio , La Vecchia Carlo , Lauriola Paolo , Michelozzi Paola , Scondotto Salvatore , Stafoggia Massimo , Violante Francesco S. , Abbafati Cristiana , Albano Luciana , Barone-Adesi Francesco , Biondi Antonio , Bosetti Cristina , Buonsenso Danilo , Carreras Giulia , Castelpietra Giulio , Catapano Alberico , Cattaruzza Maria S. , Corso Barbara , Damiani Giovanni , Esposito Francesco , Gallus Silvano , Golinelli Davide , Hay Simon I. , Isola Gaetano , Ledda Caterina , Mondello Stefania , Pedersini Paolo , Pensato Umberto , Perico Norberto , Remuzzi Giuseppe , Sanmarchi Francesco , Santoro Rocco , Simonetti Biagio , Unim Brigid , Vacante Marco , Veroux Massimiliano , Villafañe Jorge H. , Monasta Lorenzo , Mantovani Lorenzo G. 

TITLE=Time-Trends in Air Pollution Impact on Health in Italy, 1990–2019: An Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

JOURNAL=International Journal of Public Health

VOLUME=68

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.ssph-journal.org/journals/international-journal-of-public-health/articles/10.3389/ijph.2023.1605959

DOI=10.3389/ijph.2023.1605959

ISSN=1661-8564

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Objectives:</bold> We explored temporal variations in disease burden of ambient particulate matter 2.5 μm or less in diameter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and ozone in Italy using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> We compared temporal changes and percent variations (95% Uncertainty Intervals [95% UI]) in rates of disability adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost, years lived with disability and mortality from 1990 to 2019, and variations in pollutant-attributable burden with those in the overall burden of each PM<sub>2.5</sub>- and ozone-related disease.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> In 2019, 467,000 DALYs (95% UI: 371,000, 570,000) were attributable to PM<sub>2.5</sub> and 39,600 (95% UI: 18,300, 61,500) to ozone. The crude DALY rate attributable to PM<sub>2.5</sub> decreased by 47.9% (95% UI: 10.3, 65.4) from 1990 to 2019. For ozone, it declined by 37.0% (95% UI: 28.9, 44.5) during 1990–2010, but it increased by 44.8% (95% UI: 35.5, 56.3) during 2010–2019. Age-standardized rates declined more than crude ones.</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> In Italy, the burden of ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> (but not of ozone) significantly decreased, even in concurrence with population ageing. Results suggest a positive impact of air quality regulations, fostering further regulatory efforts.</p>