AUTHOR=Ren Zhoupeng , Wang Shaobin , Liu Xianglong , Yin Qian , Fan Junfu 

TITLE=Associations Between Gender Gaps in Life Expectancy, Air Pollution, and Urbanization: A Global Assessment With Bayesian Spatiotemporal Modeling

JOURNAL=International Journal of Public Health

VOLUME=68

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.ssph-journal.org/journals/international-journal-of-public-health/articles/10.3389/ijph.2023.1605345

DOI=10.3389/ijph.2023.1605345

ISSN=1661-8564

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Objectives:</bold> It’s evident that women have a longer life expectancy than men. This study investigates the spatiotemporal trends of gender gaps in life expectancy (GGLE). It demonstrates the spatiotemporal difference of the influence factors of population-weighted air pollution (pwPM<sub>2.5</sub>) and urbanization on GGLE.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> Panel data on GGLE and influencing factors from 134 countries from 1960 to 2018 are collected. The Bayesian spatiotemporal model is performed.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> The results show an obvious spatial heterogeneity worldwide with a continuously increasing trend of GGLE. Bayesian spatiotemporal regression reveals a significant positive relationship between pwPM<sub>2.5</sub>, urbanization, and GGLE with the spatial random effects. Further, the regression coefficients present obvious geographic disparities across space worldwide.</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> In sum, social-economic development and air quality improvement should be considered comprehensively in global policy to make a fair chance for both genders to maximize their health gains.</p>