AUTHOR=Nhung Nguyen T. T. , Jegasothy Edward , Ngan Nguyen T. K. , Truong Ngo X. , Thanh Nguyen T. N. , Marks Guy B. , Morgan Geoffrey G.
TITLE=Mortality Burden due to Exposure to Outdoor Fine Particulate Matter in Hanoi, Vietnam: Health Impact Assessment
JOURNAL=International Journal of Public Health
VOLUME=67
YEAR=2022
URL=https://www.ssph-journal.org/journals/international-journal-of-public-health/articles/10.3389/ijph.2022.1604331
DOI=10.3389/ijph.2022.1604331
ISSN=1661-8564
ABSTRACT=Objective: This study reports the mortality burden due to PM2.5 exposure among adults (age >25) living in Hanoi in 2017.
Methods: We applied a health impact assessment methodology with the global exposure mortality model and a PM2.5 map with 3 × 3 km resolution derived from multiple data sources.
Results: The annual average PM2.5 concentration for each grid ranged from 22.1 to 37.2 µg/m³. The district average concentration values ranged from 26.9 to 37.2 µg/m³, which means that none of the 30 districts had annual average values below the Vietnam Ambient National Standard of 25 µg/m3. Using the Vietnam Ambient National Standard as the reference standard, we estimated that 2,696 deaths (95% CI: 2,225 to 3,158) per year were attributable to exposure to elevated PM2.5 concentrations in Hanoi. Using the Interim Target 4 value of 10 µg/m3 as the reference standard, the number of excess deaths attributable to elevated PM2.5 exposure was 4,760 (95% CI: 3,958–5,534).
Conclusion: A significant proportion of deaths in Hanoi could be avoided by reducing air pollution concentrations to a level consistent with the Vietnam Ambient National Standard.